Noise from Imperfectly Expanded Supersonic Coaxial Jets

Experiments have characterized the acoustics of axisymmetric high-speed jets at a variety of Mach numbers and velocities and at pressure-matched, overexpanded, and underexpanded conditions. The effect of an annular secondary  ow on noise emission was also investigated.The fully expanded jet velocity ranged from 630 to 920m/s and the fully expanded jet Mach number ranged from 1.27 to 1.75.The secondary  owwas supplied at 400m/s and was designed for Mach wave elimination conditions. Imperfect expansion creates screech and broadband shock noise. Screech is dominant in the near Ž eld whereas broadband shock noise affects mainly the lateral direction of the far Ž eld. The secondary  ow practically eliminates the screech tones, but has little impact on broadband shock noise. With exception of localized and weak screech tones, the far-Ž eld spectra in the direction of peak noise emission (aft quadrant) are insensitive on nozzle exit pressure and depend solely on the fully expanded Mach number and velocity. Addition of the secondary  ow produces substantial noise reduction in the aft quadrant, a consequence ofMach wave elimination, and modest noise reduction in the lateral direction, an effect attributed to mean shear reduction. Lowering the velocity and/orMach number of the jet enhances the beneŽ t of the secondary  ow by shortening the region of the principal noise sources, thus improving the coverage of that region by the secondary  ow. Far-Ž eld noise reductions of up to 17 dB were recorded at frequencies most relevant to aircraft noise.